Micron Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-night-mode-disabled vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Reference Software International</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_Software_International"> <link href="./mw/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/user.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Reference_Software_International rootpage-Reference_Software_International skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reference Software International</span></span>
</h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1295905060">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Reference Software International</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Private<sup id="cite_ref-abate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: E-1">: E-1 </span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1985<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985</span>)</span> in <a href="Walnut_Creek%2C_California" title="Walnut Creek, California">Walnut Creek, California</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Donald Emery</li><li>Bruce Wampler</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1993<span style="display: none;">&nbsp;(<span class="dtend">1993</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Acquired by <a href="WordPerfect_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="WordPerfect Corporation">WordPerfect Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="Albuquerque%2C_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a> (research and development)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Grammatik" title="Grammatik">Grammatik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">140 (1992, peak)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Reference Software International, Inc.</b> (<b>RSI</b>), was an American software developer active from 1985 to 1993 and based in <a href="Albuquerque%2C_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>, and <a href="San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a>. The company released several <a href="Productivity_software" title="Productivity software">productivity</a> and <a href="Reference_software" title="Reference software">reference software</a> packages during their lifespan, including the highly popular <a href="Grammatik" title="Grammatik">Grammatik</a> <a href="Grammar_checker" title="Grammar checker">grammar checker</a>, for <a href="IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PCs</a> and <a href="IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">compatibles</a> running <a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>. The company was acquired by <a href="WordPerfect_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="WordPerfect Corporation">WordPerfect Corporation</a> in 1993.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_(1980–1985)">Background (1980–1985)</h3></div>
<p>Reference Software International, Inc., was founded by Donald "Don" Emery and Bruce Wampler in 1985 in <a href="San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a>. Both Wampler and Emery were college professors when they founded RSI: Wampler at the <a href="University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a> as a professor of computer science and Emery a professor of marketing at <a href="San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-carlsen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating from the <a href="University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> in around 1978, Wampler founded his first software company, Aspen Software, in <a href="Tijeras%2C_New_Mexico" title="Tijeras, New Mexico">Tijeras, New Mexico</a>, in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fallows_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fallows-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wampler founded Aspen to develop an early <a href="Spell_checker" title="Spell checker">spell checker</a> software package, called Proofreader, for the <a href="Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, licensing <a href="Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>'s <a href="Random_House_Webster's_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a> for the package's lexicon. In 1980, he began development on a <a href="Grammar_checker" title="Grammar checker">grammar checker</a> inspired by <a href="Writer's_Workbench" title="Writer's Workbench">Writer's Workbench</a>, a pioneering grammar checker for <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> systems. Walz used Writer's Workbench heavily during the writer of his doctoral dissertation but disliked having to jump between the <a href="Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> on which he composed the dissertation and the mainframe on which Writer's Workbench ran, and so wanted to develop a version of the latter for <a href="Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Wampler's work came to fruition as <a href="Grammatik" title="Grammatik">Grammatik</a> in 1981, eventually ported to several other microcomputer platforms in the early 1980s. In 1983, by which point the company had 12 employees and sold a combined 80,000 units of Grammatik and Proofreader, Wampler sold Aspen to Dictronics, a software company best known for developing the Electronic Thesaurus, an early <a href="Thesaurus" title="Thesaurus">thesaurus</a> program for microcomputers.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fallows_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fallows-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Dictronics was in turn purchased by <a href="Wang_Laboratories" title="Wang Laboratories">Wang Laboratories</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to Wampler, "Wang bought [Aspen] and sat on it. They did nothing with it".<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wampler moved on to teach for the University of New Mexico, but, frustrated by Wang's inaction, got the urge to resurrect his work. In 1985, he was able to license back Grammatik and Proofreader from a small California-based software firm that had grandfathered rights to a <a href="Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> version of both.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, he met Emery, who, impressed by Wampler's, founded Reference Software International to market his software.<sup id="cite_ref-carlsen_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RSI's research and development headquarters were based in Albuquerque, while the company's sales and marketing department was based in <a href="Walnut_Creek%2C_California" title="Walnut Creek, California">Walnut Creek, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130">: 130 </span></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Success_(1985–1992)">Success (1985–1992)</h3></div>
<p>In August 1985, RSI released their first product: the Random House Reference Set, a new version of Proofreader for the <a href="IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> and <a href="IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">compatibles</a>, revised to be a <a href="Terminate-and-stay-resident_program" title="Terminate-and-stay-resident program">terminate-and-stay-resident program</a> that ran atop other word processors such as <a href="WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a> or <a href="WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-carlsen_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Reference Set was the only such program on the market that functioned like this.<sup id="cite_ref-carlsen_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RSI netted $114,000 from sales of Reference Set by the end of 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-bee_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bee-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1986, they released version 2.0 of Grammatik as Grammatik II for the PC. The latter was a breakout hit for RSI, receiving praise in the press (including technology journals such as <i><a href="PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>) and RSI selling 1,000 units a month.<sup id="cite_ref-carlsen_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64">: 64 </span></sup> In spring 1987, they released Reference Set II, which allowed users to import their own words into the built-in dictionary and added a thesaurus of 300,000 words.<sup id="cite_ref-carlsen_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1987, they released version 3.0 of Reference Set, which comprised two new <a href="Single-field_dictionary" title="Single-field dictionary">field-specific dictionaries</a> for the medical and legal professions. As well as the general Random House dictionary and thesaurus, it included <i><a href="Stedman's_Medical_Dictionary" title="Stedman's Medical Dictionary">Stedman's Medical Dictionary</a></i> and <i><a href="Black's_Law_Dictionary" title="Black's Law Dictionary">Black's Law Dictionary</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emery consulted <a href="Paul_Brest" title="Paul Brest">Paul Brest</a> and Bob Jackson—professors of law at <a href="Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford Law School</a> and San Francisco State respectively—for the curation of the law dictionary; and Burton Grebin—at the time the executive director of <a href="Mount_Saint_Mary's_Hospital" title="Mount Saint Mary's Hospital">Mount Saint Mary's Hospital</a>—for the curation of the medical dictionary.<sup id="cite_ref-carlsen_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In fall 1988, the company released Grammatik III, a total rewrite that made use of <a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> to more accurately judge the grammar of sentences by breaking them down into a <a href="Syntactic_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntactic hierarchy">syntactic hierarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morris_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grammatik III received universal acclaim, with Gloria Morris of <i><a href="InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i> calling it the apparent leader in the grammar checking field and Sandra Anderson of <i>Mac Home Journal</i> calling it "hands down ... the best of the industry" six years after its release.<sup id="cite_ref-morris_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1989, the product had competitors in Correct Grammar by <a href="Lifetree_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetree Software">Lifetree Software</a> and RightWriter by Rightsoft, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>By 1990, RSI achieved annual sales of $9.7&nbsp;million.<sup id="cite_ref-bee_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bee-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year they released Grammatik IV, which was the first to offer direct integration with WordPerfect on both <a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> and <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 394">: 394 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 76">: 76 </span></sup> In March 1992—by which point RSI had sold 1.5&nbsp;million copies of Grammatik across all versions—the company released version 5 of the program, another rewrite that updated the lexicon further and added new functions such as word redundancy detection.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, the company introduced Easy Proof, a pared-down version of Grammatik intended for novice writers, students, and family computers.<sup id="cite_ref-bee_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bee-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1991, the company was engaged in a trademark dispute with Systems Compatibility Corporation (SCC) of <a href="Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a>, over the rights to the Software Toolkit title. Both companies had published software bundles bearing the name in the turn of the 1990s; SCC had published theirs first in 1988 and registered the trademark with the <a href="United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">USPTO</a>. SCC was granted a restraining order against RSI in January 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following month, RSI agreed to rename their product, preventing a protracted legal battle.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_acquisition_(1992–1993)">Decline and acquisition (1992–1993)</h3></div>
<p>By early 1992, RSI achieved annual sales of more than $13&nbsp;million, employed 120 people, and had opened international offices in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and <a href="Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> to sell foreign versions of Reference Set and Grammatik.<sup id="cite_ref-bee_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bee-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company reached peak employment in the middle of 1992, with 140 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-abate_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: E-3">: E-3 </span></sup> However, RSI's launch of six disparate titles in the year proved problematic for the company when they failed to sell as well as they had projected, and the company laid off employees by the dozens.<sup id="cite_ref-abate_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: E-1–E-3">: E-1–E-3 </span></sup> By December 1992, only 71 employees were left, 32 from their San Francisco office.<sup id="cite_ref-abate_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the last day of 1992, RSI received an acquisition offer from <a href="WordPerfect_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="WordPerfect Corporation">WordPerfect Corporation</a>, makers of the namesake word processor based in <a href="Orem%2C_Utah" title="Orem, Utah">Orem, Utah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal was inked in January 1993, RSI's stakeholders receiving $19&nbsp;million.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's remaining employees were absorbed into WordPerfect in Orem.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WordPerfect continued selling Grammatik as a standalone product for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-walz_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-abate-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abate_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abate_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abate_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abate_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}


/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><cite id="CITEREFAbate1993" class="citation news cs1">Abate, Tom (January 7, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-sf-software/130155469/">"S.F. software maker is sold"</a>. <i>The San Francisco Examiner</i>. p.&nbsp;E-1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-sf-software/130155475/">E-3</a> – via Newspapers.com.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-carlsen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carlsen_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carlsen_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carlsen_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carlsen_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carlsen_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carlsen_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carlsen_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCarlsen1987" class="citation news cs1">Carlsen, Clifford (April 13, 1987). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A5068789/GPS?sid=wikipedia">"Reference tries to make people better writers"</a></span>. <i>San Francisco Business Times</i>. Vol.&nbsp;1. p.&nbsp;8 – via Gale.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-walz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walz_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWalz1994" class="citation news cs1">Walz, Nancy (September 5, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/albuquerque-journal-pioneering-grammar-s/130155817/">"Pioneering Grammar Software Born at Home"</a>. <i>Albuquerque Journal</i>. Associated Press. p.&nbsp;3 – via Newspapers.com.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fallows-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fallows_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fallows_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFallows1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Fallows, James (March 1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1983/03/computer-romance-part-ii/665113/">"Computer Romance, Part II"</a></span>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. Vol.&nbsp;251, no.&nbsp;3. p.&nbsp;107.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks2000" class="citation news cs1">Weeks, Linton (April 25, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230817072433/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/04/25/in-the-beginning/2e301d3c-1baf-49a2-bc2c-315560769ce7/">"In the Beginning"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. p.&nbsp;C1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/04/25/in-the-beginning/2e301d3c-1baf-49a2-bc2c-315560769ce7/">the original</a> on August 17, 2023.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan1986" class="citation magazine cs1">Sullivan, Kristina B. (January 7, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A656498/GPS?sid=wikipedia">"WP Users Say Spelling Checker Is Indispensible"</a>. <i>PC Week</i>. Vol.&nbsp;3, no.&nbsp;1. Ziff-Davis. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">130–</span>131 – via Gale.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcWilliams1986" class="citation magazine cs1">McWilliams, Peter (March 2, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-program-spells-convenien/130156009/">"Program spells convenience"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. p.&nbsp;6.4 – via Newspapers.com.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright1992" class="citation magazine cs1">Albright, Rick (February 1, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/merced-sun-star-this-dictionary-is-for-h/130155492/">"This dictionary is for home PCs"</a>. <i>Merced Sun-Star</i>. p.&nbsp;A11 – via Newspapers.com.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bee-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bee_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bee_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bee_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bee_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-grammar-enterprise-sp/130155414/">"Grammar enterprise spells success for software maker"</a>. <i>The Sacramento Bee</i>. April 15, 1992. p.&nbsp;F2 – via Newspapers.com.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1986" class="citation news cs1">Schwartz, John (September 24, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-illini-studious-software-page/130155506/">"Studious Software"</a>. <i>Newsweek on Campus</i>. p.&nbsp;63, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-illini-studious-software-page/130155511/">64</a> – via Newspapers.com.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Staff writer (November 16, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uIYmZuC4zzQC&amp;pg=RA2-PP2">"Software applications packages"</a>. <i>Computerworld</i>. Vol.&nbsp;XXI, no.&nbsp;46. IDG Publications. p.&nbsp;44 – via Google Books.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-morris-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morris_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Morris, Gloria (October 10, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=szsEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PT92">"Grammatik III Forges Ahead as Best Product in Its Field"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. Vol.&nbsp;10, no.&nbsp;41. IDG Publications. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">72–</span>76 – via Google Books.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Morris, Gloria (September 11, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rDAEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA52">"Strictly Writing"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. Vol.&nbsp;11, no.&nbsp;37. IDG Publications. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">43–</span>53 – via Google Books.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRabinovitz1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Rabinovitz, Rubin (September 24, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6UNWdidjDmIC&amp;pg=PP394">"Write on Target: 15 Writer's Tools"</a>. <i>PC Magazine</i>. Ziff-Davis. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">321–</span>369 – via Google Books.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLombardiKyla_K._Carlson1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Lombardi, John; Kyla K. Carlson (October 28, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dT0EAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA76">"Grammar Checkers: Keeping your writing in line"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. Vol.&nbsp;13, no.&nbsp;43. IDG Publications. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">64–</span>80 – via Google Books.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHudkins1992" class="citation news cs1">Hudkins, Lonnie (March 29, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230817063139/https://buffalonews.com/news/grammar-program-helps-people-write/article_72d1feb2-27c2-5221-a25e-aea0bf584128.html">"Grammar Program Helps People Write"</a>. <i>The Buffalo News</i>. p.&nbsp;E7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buffalonews.com/news/grammar-program-helps-people-write/article_72d1feb2-27c2-5221-a25e-aea0bf584128.html">the original</a> on August 17, 2023.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPane1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Pane, Patricia J. (January 21, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fVAEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA39">"SCC Granted Restraining Order Against Reference"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. Vol.&nbsp;13, no.&nbsp;3. IDG Publications. p.&nbsp;39 – via Google Books.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPane1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Pane, Patricia J. (February 4, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cFAEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA40">"Reference Renames Its Software Tool Package"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. Vol.&nbsp;13, no.&nbsp;5. IDG Publications. p.&nbsp;42 – via Google Books.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald-wordperfect-expands-mar/130155483/">"WordPerfect expands marketing, sales"</a>. <i>The Daily Herald</i>. May 30, 1993. p.&nbsp;C3 – via Newspapers.com.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Reference_Software_International&amp;oldid=1292628816">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</body></html>